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- BUSINESS, Page 72WORLD OF BUSINESSOn Your Marks . . .
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- By Robert Ball
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- Get set? Maybe. Go? Not yet. West German Chancellor Helmut
- Kohl's call for immediate talks about making the West German
- mark the common currency of both Germanys has added a new
- ingredient to the bubbling brew of unification discussion. Like
- Kohl's other efforts to seize the initiative, it drew a mixed
- reception. One skeptical voice was that of the Deutsche
- Bundesbank, legally responsible for protecting the value of the
- currency. But Kohl's proposal also jolted the average West
- German into awareness that unification has its price, payable
- in deutsche marks.
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- To be sure, Kohl is calling for talks, not presenting a
- ready plan. But his sense of urgency upstaged his own Economics
- Ministry, which only recently proffered a three-year,
- three-stage plan for integrating the East German economy into
- that of the Federal Republic. Since full monetary union is the
- capstone, not the cornerstone of any economic union, Kohl's
- proposal is at least partly exhortatory. It is consistent with
- his view that unification must mean the incorporation of East
- Germany into the European Community, not the creation of a
- neutral Fourth Reich. What is remarkable is the rush. Kohl has
- obviously become convinced that without visible assurances of
- unification, East Germany will simply empty itself westward.
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- The skepticism of the Bundesbank is understandable. Its
- president, Karl Otto Pohl, and his cohort are still wrestling
- with an unfinished European Monetary System, involving
- commitments to support newcomers like the Greek drachma and the
- Portuguese escudo. But those countries, whatever their
- problems, are going concerns, while East Germany, whatever its
- potential, is nearly a basket case.
-
- A one-for-one replacement of marks (East) with marks (West)
- would be wildly inflationary because the G.D.R., like other
- East European countries, suffers from acute concealed inflation
- -- huge amounts of paper money and no goods to buy. Even a
- replacement at current black market rates of 7 or even 10 to
- 1 would be like mainlining heroin. Before any monetary
- unification, the excess purchasing power represented by those
- East marks has to be mopped up and a better balance of supand
- demand established. One way would be for East Germany to
- destroy savings by a radical currency reform.
-
- There are precedents for monetary integration, though
- usually conquerors simply repudiated the old currency and
- introduced their own. Perhaps the aptest parallel with East
- Germany's situation is the 1957 reintegration into West Germany
- of the Saar, after it had been incorporated into the French
- franc area for eleven years. But both sides were operating with
- realistic exchange rates; besides, the Saar then had 1 million
- inhabitants, while East Germany still has some 16 million.
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- It is emphatically not for outsiders to tell Germans where
- German interests lie. Nevertheless, if economic concerns are
- primary, a disinterested observer might conclude that the
- Germans in the G.D.R. and in the West would be better served
- by an arrangement under which, with ample Western aid, East
- Germany evolved into a state like Austria -- free, sovereign,
- neutral and prosperous, its economy and currency closely but
- pragmatically linked to West Germany. Many such links already
- exist between the two Germanys. If what is motivating the
- exodus from East Germany is not a nationalist frenzy -- which
- heaven for-- or fear of a hard-line backlash, but rather the
- desire for a new job and a used Volkswagen, then there are ways
- of satisfying those wishes without upsetting the international
- balance. All take time, however, and Kohl fears time is running
- short. His message to the restive East Germans: stay where you
- are; help is on the way.
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